没有半价咖啡券的瑞幸,谁还爱?
个普通的工作日中午,科技君下楼吃饭,路过办公楼下的瑞幸咖啡,想要买一杯咖啡提提神,再上楼工作,反正用完打折券后也才十几块一杯。打开App一看,让我大吃一惊,原本每天都有赠送的瑞幸咖啡5折、7折券,全都没有了!
去年底才刚刚融了2亿美元,说要加大补贴力度,从星巴克手里抢下更多市场的瑞幸咖啡,怎么年初就取消补贴了呢?高额补贴,加上高频扩张开店,连续亏损的瑞幸咖啡,能幸免于ofo小黄车的惨淡结局吗?
瑞幸咖啡,亏钱有理
去年,国内互联网行业陷入资金荒,许多依靠融资造血为生的创业明星项目迅速退潮。ofo小黄车濒临破产,押金难题今天依然困扰着戴威和千万小黄车用户。
曾经,像ofo这样“亏钱有理”的创业公司不在少数,许多存在于创业者、投资人PPT里的项目,本该被扼杀在摇篮里,却在资本的助推下贸然普遍全国、走向世界,造成了巨大的资源浪费。
谁也没有想到,另外一家创业公司,顶着寒冬逆势融资,一副生命不息烧钱不止的模样,疯狂扩张开店,补贴用户。这家公司,就是瑞幸咖啡。
数据显示,2018年前三季度瑞幸咖啡收入3.75亿,成本8.08亿,期间费用4.24亿,亏损8.57亿。即便如此,他们依然在年底拿到了2亿美元融资,依然在继续疯狂扩张开店。2018全年,瑞幸咖啡的门店数量从2家增长到了2073家。
很多朋友都搞不清楚,是什么样的风口,让这群精明的投资人抛弃了理智,在明显的资本寒冬环境下,依然对这种烧钱的项目趋之若鹜?
补贴来的流量
其实,道理很简单。ofo小黄车的失败,只不过是一个本来就难以生存,或者说很难完成盈利的项目,被资本催熟的故事。瑞幸咖啡与小黄车的唯一区别在于,国内一二线城市的写字楼咖啡市场,真的有很大的潜力空间。
在瑞幸崛起之前,对绝大多数咖啡小白来说,星巴克就是咖啡的代名词。很多人都喜欢端着Mac,穿着正装,到星巴克一坐一下午,装作一副职场精英的样子。甚至堂而皇之地卖上了轻奢产品的价格,在大众的眼里,星巴克就是中产、小资的体验,是商务人士和办公室白领的身份象征。
殊不知,以星巴克为代表的这种快餐咖啡,一杯的成本不过几块钱。即便刨去门店租金、门店运营费等杂七杂八的成本,一杯星巴克咖啡的纯利润仍然有18%。于是在瑞幸看来,星巴克赚得,我瑞幸又如何赚不得呢?
更何况伴随着国内经济的发展,中等收入阶层人数逐渐增多,白领商务人群的咖啡文化也在慢慢普及,越来越多人开始接受这种舶来品提神饮料,仅靠星巴克一家,远远填不饱中国市场的肚子。
可是问题就在于,瑞幸如今依靠疯狂融资扩张所带来的市场占有率,是否真的稳固。扩张开店,选址是否精准,现阶段的烧钱补贴,能否给瑞幸带来长久稳定的用户流量?这些都是瑞幸需要思考的问题。
多伦多大学曾经做过一项实验,他们在学校内放了一个自动贩卖机,正常销售状况下,每周能卖出去83罐商品,贴上“降价、幸运免单”的促销广告之后,销量便陡增到了204罐;然而促销一旦结束,销量又重新回到了80罐。
所以,瑞幸的战争并不在现在,也不在于和星巴克之间的对抗,而是在于终有一天,瑞幸会停止补贴。当没有了咖啡券的时候,谁还会爱瑞幸咖啡?
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