船舶雾航攻略——“夜通航”船用雾航仪
海雾,又称平流雾,是暖湿空气流轻较冷的下垫面时,收到冷面的影响,气温下降,当空气达到饱和状态,过剩的那部分水汽就会凝结出来,这种雾成为平流雾。
海雾无声无息,不像台风、寒潮那样狂飙呼啸,也不像惊涛骇浪那样翻江倒海,因此它的危害不被人们所熟知,但它对船舶安全航行的危害极大,航海员们也深受其害,经常因为海雾耽误行程,甚至发生碰撞事故。
近日,惠来辖区出现能见度小于500米的浓雾,给船舶航行带来了安全隐患。揭阳惠来海事处加密“平安之声”播发频度,及时通过电话及智慧平台向辖区过往船舶发送大雾安全提醒信息,现场巡航靖海电厂航道、资深及坂美村石碑山水域,密切注意过往船舶动态,及时排查安全隐患,确保良好的水上通航秩序。
船舶雾航有哪些特点?
(1)能见度不良,视线受限制;
(2)由于能见度不良,无法在足够的距离上发现周围来船,并迅速判断他船动态以及他船所采取的避让行动,只能依赖于AIS、雷达观测和标绘,船舶避让困难;
(3)受视线所限,不能及时发现附近物标和航标等,给定位和导航等造成较大的困难;
(4)雾中航行采用安全航速后,风流对船舶的影响加大,使推算航速和航程的准确性受到较大影响,既降低了推算船位的精度,同时也直接影响着船舶在危险物附近的航行安全。
雾航应注意以下方面:
1、进入雾中航行,应及时适当地调整航线的离岸距离。
2、雾中航行,值班驾驶员要认真做好航迹推算工作。
3、雾中航行,应时刻掌握当时能见度状况下的实际能见距离。
4、注意倾听声号,听见声号,应视船舶在危险区内,注意采取一切必要的避险措施。在应该听见的位置上而未听见声号,亦不应武断认定尚未进入危险区。
5、认真加强瞭望,熟练的瞭望人员,必须能及时发现船舶周围的任何微小的变化。
6、应尽可能利用一切可获得的手段来定位和导航,尤其要充分地使用雷达。
雾航、夜航新攻略
正如以上提到的虽然雷达也是船舶助航设备,但是由于不是可视化的,存在局限性,不能完全依赖,还需要船员加强瞭望,做好航迹推算工作,这样一来,增加了很多人力投入。即使有些船加强了人力瞭望,还是避免不了发生事故。人为的瞭望避免不了不尽责或犯困出小差的情况。
虽然,目前雷达已成为雾航时不可缺少的助航设备。但是,即使性能较好的雷达,毕竟不如目视那样直观、可靠,因此不可盲目地依赖雷达,忽视目视瞭望。
YTH638TW“夜通航”船用雾航仪是一款专为海洋船舶助航而研发、生产的高科技夜视产品,集高灵敏度红外探测器、红外自动聚焦镜头、300万高清微光摄像机、球形护罩、高速云台等于一体,它能够穿透黑夜,在雾霾和雨雪环境也有较好的表现,可提供全天候的图像监控。即使在全黑的夜晚或雾霾天气,它也能及时监看到航道上的障碍及水面上的情况,以便驾驶人员快速做出反应。
高清微光摄像机采用1/2.5"超星光级SONY CMOS 300万逐行扫描芯片,图像分辨率2048×1536,无需配灯在较黑暗的环境中也可实现24小时全彩监控。白天亦可使用微光摄像机对船舶周围的水面进行高清监控。
雾天对比效果图
整机具有IP67防护等级,机体由镁合金和轻质合金材料制成,结构坚固并全密封,表面抗氧化防盐雾喷涂。抗飓风,可在风速每小时150公里下正常工作。远程除霜、防雾化功能,防水和耐高低温特性良好,可以适应各种恶劣环境全天候工作,适应于各类船舶安装使用。
“夜通航”船用雾航仪不仅有力地保护船舶及船上人员货物安全,还减少了瞭望人力的投入。
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