支付大战:微信、支付宝、银联三足鼎立格局呼之欲出!
互联网时代,移动支付发展日新月异,人们出门无需带钱包,只用一部智能手机就可以轻松搞定一切。在这场没有硝烟的战争中,支付宝和微信凭借便捷、免费等优势,一直保持着第三方移动支付市场的绝对霸主地位,两者市场份额合计达到92.53%,其中,前者占据市场份额为53.71%、后者占据市场份额为38.82%,两强格局明显。
在免费模式的冲击下,银行也纷纷推出免手续费方案,招行、建行等银行的网银都开始提供免费跨行还款服务。可就在这场“免费”大战愈演愈烈之时,当初大打免费牌的支付宝和微信却放慢了“烧钱”的步伐,转而开始收费了!!!
微信于2018年8月1日起开始对用户收取信用卡还款手续费,支付宝也宣布将于今年3月26日起,向用户收取信用卡还款服务费。除了还款手续费,微信、支付宝对于用户转账提现超过一定额度,也要收取相应手续费。
为何微信和支付宝要冒着丢掉市场份额的风险,改口收费呢?原来,央行为了解决以往第三方支付机构开设多个备付金账户,关联关系复杂且透明度低所带来的种种弊端,决定将第三方支付机构纳入统一的金融监管体系中;随后,央行发布了《关于实施支付机构客户备付金集中存管有关事项的通知》,规定自2017年4月17日起,支付机构应将客户备付金按照一定比例交存至指定机构专用存款账户,第三方支付机构之前直连银行的模式不复存在,而是需要接入网联或银联。
这就意味着,支付机构对于备付金的沉淀资金使用受到限制,也就无法利用其所产生的利息等收入来补贴信用卡业务。这客观上增加了第三方支付机构的金融通道成本,减少了其对备付金等沉淀资金的增值收益。
面对不断上涨的成本,第三方支付机构只能把成本压力转嫁至用户。随着支付宝和微信进入“付费服务时代”,其他支付机构和银行也迎来了“抢客户、占市场”的绝佳机遇。
2017年12月11日,在中国人民银行指导下,中国银联集结各大商业银行和支付机构共同发布了银行业统一APP “云闪付”。 银联云闪付由各大银行共同开发、维护和运营,无需第三方支付公司操作,用户在“云闪付”上所有的金融活动均由银行直接完成,因此用户也就无需缴纳任何转账手续费、信用卡还款服务费等。
不仅如此,银联云闪付在推广过程中,还采取了各种“接地气”的补贴策略,从62主题营销节,到商超节和菜场节,再到1212银联半价补贴节,银联拿出真金白银拿来回馈用户。在大额优惠和免手续费等独特优势的加持下,银联云闪付上线仅一年,用户总数就达到了1.2亿;2019年春节期间,境外有超过700万的中国游客使用了银联支付。短短7天,银联交易额就达到了1.16万亿元,这也是银联网络交易总金额首次突破万亿级。
可以说,云闪付凭借“接地气”的策略,在支付宝和微信的夹缝中闯出一条“阳关大道”。依托天然的转账和存储优势,以及各大银行和支付机构的共同管理,银联云闪付在未来可能会严重威胁到支付宝和微信的地位。
就在云闪付的“烧钱”策略初见成效时,苏宁支付、京东支付和美团等支付平台也纷纷跟上,这把“烧钱抢客户“的战火越燃越旺,未来的局势可能由三足鼎立变成群雄混战,让我们拭目以待。
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