曾是最天才发明家,最终却死于自己发明,两大专利毒害人类至今
世界上有很多聪明的人,那些超出聪明的人,被人们称之为天才。他们不仅可以解答很多人类不知道科学知识,还能发明一些有利于社会工业进步的东西,推动整个社会的发展。从古老传统时代,人们很难想象到当今互联网时代进步到了什么程度。然而事事都是有利必有弊,科学家发明的东西,好的能推动社会科技发展进步,不好就会毁掉很多人。
其中最具名的美国天才科学家“托马斯·米基”就是一个很好案例;他一生中曾持有一百多项发明。他的父亲也是一个发明家。他有两个最有名的发明,并且应用到了全世界范围。第一种就是四乙基铅,很多人对这个学名可能不熟悉,它其实就是汽油抗爆震剂。四乙基铅合成容易,价格便宜,而且汽油中只要加入少量的四乙基铅,就能大大提高汽油的抗爆性能。但不好的是会影响到发动机会在这个过程中剧烈振动,而且四乙基铅在汽油燃烧时产生的铅严重污染了大气,使得世界各地患铅中毒的人急剧增多,人们对含铅汽油的质疑也逐渐增加。
为了解决这个问题,托马斯·米基利开始研究将四乙基铅时用的"溴化物法",改用需要高温且更为危险的"氯乙烷法"来专门生产四乙基铅。然而,该工厂开始仅两个月,就有五名工人相继因铅中毒而死亡,加深了公众对四乙基铅安全性的怀疑。为了证明四乙基铅,米基利举办新闻发布会,会上他以自己为实验对象,先是将四乙基铅洒在他手上,然后打开一瓶四乙基铅,将其放在鼻子下闻了60秒。试验完后的他安然无恙,于是他向媒体说,他就是每天都暴露在这样的环境下,也从来没有发生过任何问题,因此四乙基铅是安全的。讽刺的是,发布会几天后,该工厂就被所在的新泽西州州政府强制关闭。事后的米基利也必须用将近一年的时间才能从这60秒的四乙基铅中缓过来。
事后没隔几年,米基利又研制一种能用于家用电器的无毒、安全的制冷剂。于是他和查尔斯·凯特灵一起,发现了一个性能优良的制冷剂--二氯二氟甲烷。二氯二氟甲烷是氯氟碳化合物(CFC)的一员,米基利将这类化合物称为"氟利昂"(Freon),是一类无毒、不可燃且容易液化的气体。此后CFC很快替代了当时一些有毒或有爆炸性的制冷剂,成为最主要的制冷物质。1937年,米基利因此被授予珀金奖章。但后来科学家们发现了氟利昂对臭氧层的破坏作用,1996年,氟利昂的应用才全面被禁止。
可以说米基利一生中最具名的两大发明,好的方面算是造福了社会工业化发展,但同时不好的方面副作用极大,造成对全球人类环境破坏。最后米基利的结局也非常悲惨,1940年,51岁的米基利患上脊髓灰质炎而成为跛子以后,他自己设计了一套绳索滑轮系统以帮他在床上抬身或翻身。1944年,他被该装置中的滑轮绳索缠住,窒息而死,终年55岁。对于,这样一位天才发明家,你们怎么看呢?
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