外媒：中国可能会动用权力摧毁比特币
几年来，中国在加密市场上发挥了越来越关键的作用。普林斯顿大学和佛罗里达国际大学的学者撰写的一篇新论文表明，中国对比特币关键基础设施的影响力正日益增强，这让中国政府有能力对比特币进行大规模的重整塑造，甚至摧毁比特币。
比特币被设计成不受任何形式的集中控制的影响。比特币的核心基础设施是为了给系统中的所有参与者提供一套强有力的激励机制，以维持生态系统的健康和稳定。比特币现在已经有十多年的历史了，而且还没有遭受任何形式的黑客攻击，这让市场认为比特币是完全安全的。研究人员认为，这种看法越来越不准确。
理解这一变化的关键是比特币矿业的变化。比特币的开采最初可以用现成的电脑进行管理，但比特币所需要的计算能力的增强，导致了越来越专业化、价格昂贵的采矿设备的诞生。这篇论文描述了这如何导致了矿商的整合。
中国矿业实力的巩固
“由于挖矿所需特殊硬件的发展，使得原来的硬件商品过时，比特币的开采已经变得高度集中。其结果是，矿商大都聚集在矿池：矿商进行联盟，共同工作，共享利润。截至2018年6月，超过80%的比特币开采由6个矿池进行，其中5个是由位于中国的个人或组织管理。”
潜在攻击
这些研究分析了中国政府潜在影响比特币的四种形式：干扰竞争对手、破坏共识、破坏比特币、去匿名化和审查。
例如，中国对其国内互联网架构的控制，增加了中国执行双重支出攻击的能力。通过操纵将信息发送到不同的挖掘池的速率，就有可能成功地使用更少的散列能力来执行双重支出攻击。例如，一个恶意的参与者可以将交易发送到两个池，但是极大地降低了第二个池的运行速度，允许第一个池轻松地覆盖它并使第二个交易无效。
中国长期以来一直对比特币持谨慎态度。比特币的许多用例都与中国政府的目标相对立。例如，比特币和其他加密货币使中国公民更容易逃避资本管制。中国政府过去一直用重拳整治加密市场，而中国越来越多的哈希电力意味着他们拥有越来越大的控制比特币的能力。
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