古代没有指纹识别技术,为何签署重要文件时,会用按手印的方式
随着科技的发展,指纹提取以及识别技术已经是非常成熟了,而且在生活中几乎是随处可见,最为常见的就是手机的指纹解锁,毫不夸张地说,指纹就相当于一个人的身份证。但是你或许也有很多不理解的地方,那便是在中国古代的时候,是根本没有什么指纹识别的概念的,那么问题来了,在古代很多的时候,你会发现在签署一些比较重要文件的时候,会采用按手印的方式。
最简单就是古时候的“签字画押”,那么这是不是在说明古代的人们已经掌握了相应地指纹识别技术呢?其实要说中国古代的人们没有指纹鉴别技术是错误的。在古代已经有了比较成熟的指纹比对技术,只是当时没有相应地技术作为支撑。
其实在古代的时候,一些聪明的古人早已发现每个人的指纹或者是手印是不相同的,基本上可以依靠指纹或者是手印来锁定一个人。当然古时候最为直观的鉴别仪器就是肉眼观测。在古代更多地时候是采用掌印,就是整个手掌都印上去。
相信你一定知道我们每个人手掌的指纹是不一样的,“斗纹”和“箕纹”,虽然当时的古人无法从数量或者是顺序上去准确鉴别出每个掌纹的纹路的不同之处,但是可以根据一定的数量与顺序来确定一个大体的范围。你或许在影视剧中看到那些,官府在征兵的时候,说“造册”,其实这个名字为“箕斗册”,就是登记这是士兵的掌纹与掌印。
在某些朝代“签字画押”的时候,为了确保万无一失,会将脚掌也印上去。其实在古代指纹还有一个妙用,那便是“指纹骑缝章”,把指纹按在不同的纸张上面,以确保文件的完整与严谨性。
在古代,文化教育程度普遍低下,大多数人是没有读过书的,甚至是连自己的名字也不会写,因此需要进行签字的时候,只能采用按手印的方式。其实这也是一种“手印式承诺”,只要签上自己的手印,一般是没有人会抵赖的。
在古人的眼中,认为举头三尺有神明,按了手印,就是在做出承诺。若是反悔,是必定会遭报应的。再加上古代民风的淳朴性质,人们对信誉看的非常重要。
在中国古代,诚实守信体现在很多方面,如画地为牢。因此按手印也是古人的一种诚信方式。
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