理念的沉沦——苹果公司走上攫取利润的歧路

苹果公司新发布的手机
苹果公司在九月的发布会上推出了一款苹果手表、三款iPhone手机,在十月末的发布会上又推出了新一代iPad 和 Mac。总的来说,这次秋季的发布会,苹果新品的特点并不多,可以说更新主要体现在"换屏”、运算性能提升上。
但是,苹果新产品的价格可是足足跃升了一个台阶,手机、平板基本上都要万元起了,MacBook
廉价版也是要万元起了。这表明苹果公司更加不注意市场占有率了,不再强烈希望更多的人用上苹果产品,而是更加关注如何用小的代价赚取更多的利润。这样的策略在短时间内也会取得不错的财报效果,但实质上都是对苹果公司历史积累的品牌商誉的消耗。对于科技企业来说,再多的商誉也经不起几年的消耗。在库克的带领下,苹果公司已经基本放弃了做一个“伟大”的公司的愿景。

乔布斯和斯卡利
其实苹果公司以前就有这样深刻教训的。约翰·斯卡利当年是百事可乐公司CEO,他在市场营销方面有成功的经验。乔布斯当时对这位奇才十分欣赏,力邀对方来苹果出任CEO,于是便有了猎头史上著名的一问:“你是想卖一辈子糖水,还是跟着我改变世界?“斯卡利遂加盟苹果公司。
但他们两人的蜜月期只有短短五个月时间,随后便开始在新品电脑的售价上产生严重分歧。乔布斯主张价格低一些以便有更多的市场占有率,使更多的消费者用上更好的产品;而斯卡利主张利用以前积累的口碑,新品电脑价格定的高一些,以获得更好的利润回报。斯卡利说服了董事会支持自己的意见,乔布斯的想法被压制了。随后两人的理念分歧越来越大,冲突不可避免,“成年人”斯卡利毕竟混过大公司,政治经验老道,他联合董事会把乔布斯踢出了苹果公司。随后按照斯卡利理念的公司在报表业绩上取得了很好的成绩,利润增加了好几倍。
但好景不长,几年之后PC机阵营就把苹果公司打的溃不成军,几乎到了破产的边缘。乔布斯把这局面归因于苹果电脑定价过高,攫取利润的策略失去了消费者的支持,只能获得短期的高利润,但却损害了公司的持续发展能力。
几年后,苹果公司不得已又请回了乔布斯。后面的事情大家都知道了,乔布斯带领公司回归了之前的理念,重新取得了辉煌。

库克的隐含宣言
而现在,苹果在库克的带领下,又开始走上了斯卡利的老路。这两年苹果的创新明显不足,销量和市场占有率停滞不前。库克为了报表业绩,又开始祭出高价格攫取利润的策略。
说到底,斯卡利也好库克也好,都是典型的职业经理人思维,而且还不是技术型经理人而是管理型经理人,指望用营销手段来获得业绩。库克的营销能力显然还比不上斯卡利,毕竟斯卡利是曾经领导百事可乐靠营销战胜过强大的可口可乐的人。
管理型职业经理人缺少创业精神,缺乏理想,追求短期的报表业绩,以秀给资本市场。但资本市场并没有他们想象的那么短视,苹果股票价格在发布会后应声下跌,最近几天也是逆势大跌,这反映了资本市场对苹果公司未来发展的担忧。
现在看上去,苹果的产品线越来越复杂,价格越来越高。库克还是要在攫取利润歧路上走下去,但新的乔布斯在哪里呢?
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