为什么中国航天发展很好但芯片却不尽人意?
近年来中国的发展与成就在国际上都是有目共睹的。特别是军事与航空上的科技研究更是让中国跻身世界强国之列。前有航母的诞生后有中国北斗定位系统的研发,可谓是科技研究的大放异彩。但恰恰如此却导致了一个让国人百思不得其解的现象:为什么中国能在航天军事这种需要庞大的人力物力科技力量支撑的行业中取得突出成就,但在体积小科研力量要求低的芯片机械、器械制造上频频栽下跟头?
对于这个一直困扰着民众的问题,清华大学的薛澜教授在一次采访中作出了具体的解释。中国的航天国防发展很好,但芯片机械、器械的发展确实不如人意。这是因为从本质上芯片机械与航天国防的所需要的能力并不一样。像航天国防这一类的产业所需要的是不惜成本来保证成功。是国家投入资金保障,在设计上可以允许有冗余,只要最后能保证成功。但芯片机械的制造却相反,为了满足市场化的需求,芯片的性能必须不断达到最优,与此同时还必须保持低廉的成本。
对于中国来说,芯片未必造不出来,但是由于科技水平有限以及产品成本的限制,导致了低下的生产率和相反的废片率。无法进行的大规模生产,也导致了市场的低迷。像国外许多企业比如英特尔,因为有着规模化的生产和近乎完美的成功率,有力的降低了成本同时也为自己赢得了广阔的市场。
另外,教授还指出除了科技差距这种客观的不足之外,中国在“匠人精神”的缺乏以及对企业、行业上的监管缺失也是导致这一现状的重要原因。
同中国制造相比较,日本制造和德国制造经常在国际上获得一致好评。尤其是德国制造,在德国许多中小企业被称作“隐形冠军”,这些企业只专业化生产,只制作几个产品甚至只是几个零件,将它们做到最好的水平!对于缺乏“匠人精神”的中国来说,这无疑是个警醒。除了技术上的创新,必须还要拥有持之以恒的努力达优精神。努力提高质量的保障,赢得市场的口碑!
此外,国家监管体系的建立健全也是必不可少的条件。许多企业在取得一点成就之后就松懈下来,而国家由于监管体系的不健全,缺少对这些企业持久有效的监管,日积月累,就导致了质量问题的出现。要使制造企业高效长久的发展,国家的监控有着不可推卸的责任。在今后的发展中,建立健全法律体系,加强对企业的质量监管是一项重要任务。
尽管我们在航天军事上取得了骄人的成就,但我们也必须看到在别的方面上的不足。各行各业的均衡全面发展才是国家立足国际的长久之道。在今后的发展,国家应该积极吸取和学习其他国际的经验和教训,同时加强法律保障,完善产业体系和结构,促进各个产业的进步与发展。对此
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