无人货架宣告凉凉！千亿泡沫的背后，应该反思什么？
在新零售浪潮下，最为人熟知的零售新业态，莫过于生鲜超市与无人货架了。不同的是，相比前者的如火如荼之势，后者的境况已大不如昨。
曾几何时，无人货架也是各方竞相追逐的风口。然而，从红得发紫到多家企业被曝出融资失败、裁员甚至倒闭的消息，前后加起来也不到一年的光景。
此时此刻，相信不少人同笔者一样，都亲眼见证了便利蜂、猩便利、果小美们的货架来了又走，架去楼空。
当"风口"变成"疯口"，这必然值得反思。
道德难题：损坏率
据调查，某品牌无人货架在铺设完成64个无人货架后，核对前端和后台数据时发现，货损率超过10%，货损最严重的甚至达到39%，而零售行业净利润很难突破10%，一旦货损率达到10%，公司基本处于亏损状态。
因着无人货架的特殊形态，损坏率将成为运营者需要重点解决的问题，如何从选择货架位置、选品、客单价规划、日常运营督促等各个环节把控，用户选择、机制设计等把损坏率控制在合理范围内是所有入局者要解决的难题。
对用户素质提出过高要求势必影响用户规模的扩张，复杂的机制设计将增加运营成本、影响用户体验。这是运营者和人性的较量。
无人货架从爆红到遇冷，背后蕴含着更为深刻的判断：不论是商业发展还是互联网创新，必须尊重规律、回归理性。从"东市买骏马、西市买鞍鞯"的集市交易，到百货商店带来的"现代商业第一次革命"，再到如今线上线下结合的个性化消费体验，虽然零售的形态不断变化，但都离不开成本、效率和体验三个关键词，忽视任何一个环节，恐怕都难以支撑一种零售业态的长久。
而从创新层面来说，无人货架作为"互联网+"的一种模式创新，有其价值，但光有模式创新，光靠创业者造梦、资本吹风，远远不够。
最后，是对护城河的看重，并开始不断借力已有壁垒优势。不少无人货架企业之所以走的相对困难，主要的问题还是在于没有建立起有效的护城河，或者说相对竞争对手没有可靠的壁垒。但事实也证明，有一些玩家很快意识到这个问题，便利蜂控股领蛙、猩便利收购51零食等都是为自己搭建"护城河"的典例。
{"weixin":{"label":"微信","name":"weixin","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"1","shareid":"weixin","sharetitle":"分享到微信","event":"shareToWeiXin","lang":"shareWeb_WeiXin"},"copy":{"label":"复制网址","name":"copy","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"2","shareid":"copy","sharetitle":"复制网址","event":"copy_url","lang":"shareWeb_Copy"},"qq":{"label":"QQ好友","name":"qq","selected":true,"value":false,"sortid":"1","shareid":"qq","sharetitle":"分享到QQ","event":"shareToQQ","lang":"shareWeb_QQ"},"sina_weibo":{"label":"新浪微博","name":"sina_weibo","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"4","shareid":"sina_weibo","sharetitle":"分享到新浪微博","event":"shareToSinaWB","lang":"shareWeb_SinaWeiBo"},"qq_zone":{"label":"QQ空间","name":"qq_zone","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"5","shareid":"qq_zone","sharetitle":"分享到QQ空间","event":"shareToQzone","lang":"shareWeb_QQZone"},"renren":{"label":"人人网","name":"renren","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"7","shareid":"renren","sharetitle":"分享到人人网","event":"shareToRenren","lang":"shareWeb_RenRen"},"douban":{"label":"豆瓣网","name":"douban","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"8","shareid":"douban","sharetitle":"分享到豆瓣网","event":"shareToDouban","lang":"shareWeb_DouBan"},"baidu_tieba":{"label":"百度贴吧","name":"baidu_tieba","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"10","shareid":"baidu_tieba","sharetitle":"分享到百度贴吧","event":"shareToTieba","lang":"shareWeb_TieBa"},"Facebook":{"label":"Facebook","name":"Facebook","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"11","shareid":"Facebook","sharetitle":"分享到FaceBook","event":"shareToFacebook","lang":"shareWeb_Facebook"},"Twitter":{"label":"Twitter","name":"Twitter","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"12","shareid":"Twitter","sharetitle":"分享到Twitter","event":"shareToTwitter","lang":"shareWeb_Twitter"},"LinkedIn":{"label":"LinkedIn","name":"LinkedIn","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"13","shareid":"LinkedIn","sharetitle":"分享到linkedIn","event":"shareToLinkedin","lang":"shareWeb_Linkedin"},"whatsapp":{"label":"whatsapp","name":"whatsapp","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"15","shareid":"whatsapp","sharetitle":"分享到whatsapp","event":"shareToWhatsapp","lang":"shareWeb_whatsapp"},"line":{"label":"line","name":"line","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"15","shareid":"line","sharetitle":"分享到line","event":"shareToLine","lang":"shareWeb_line"},"qq_weibo":{"label":"腾讯微博","name":"qq_weibo","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"3","shareid":"qq_weibo","sharetitle":"分享到腾讯微博","event":"shareToQQwb","lang":"shareWeb_QQWeiBo"},"peopleBlog":{"label":"人民微博","name":"propleBlog","selected":true,"value":true,"sortid":"14","shareid":"propleBlog","sharetitle":"分享到人民微博","event":"shareToPeopleBlog","lang":"shareWeb_peopleBlog"}}
